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Phaeodactylum tricornutum
''Phaeodactylum tricornutum'' is a diatom. It is the only species in the genus ''Phaeodactylum''. Unlike other diatoms ''P. tricornutum'' can exist in different morphotypes (fusiform, triradiate, and oval), and changes in cell shape can be stimulated by environmental conditions. This feature can be used to explore the molecular basis of cell shape control and morphogenesis. Unlike most diatoms ''P. tricornutum'' can grow in the absence of silicon, and it can survive without making silicified frustules. This provides opportunities for experimental exploration of silicon-based nanofabrication in diatoms.
Another peculiarity is that during asexual reproduction the frustules do not appear to become smaller. This allows continuous culture without need for sexual reproduction. It is not known if ''P. tricornutum'' can reproduce sexually. To date no substantial evidence has been found to support sexual reproduction in a laboratory or other setting. Although ''P. tricornutum'' can be considered to be an atypical pennate diatom it is one of the main diatom model species. A transformation protocol has been established and RNAi vectors are available. This makes molecular genetic studies much easier.
==Gene sequencing==
''Phaeodactylum tricornutum'' is one of two diatoms whose genome has been sequenced (the other being ''Thalassiosira pseudonana''). The genome contains approximately 10% prokaryote-like genes, an unusually large proportion. Over 30000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) have been organized into the Diatom EST Database.〔Maheswari, U. et al. 2005. The Diatom EST Database. ''Nucleic Acids Research'' 33: D344-D347.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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